General entry requirements + Civics 1b or Civics 1a1 +1a2 and English 6.

The course is part of the main field of study Peace and Conflict studies at the 1-30 credit level and meets the degree requirements for the degree of Bachelor, main field of study Peace and Conflict studies

The aim of the course is for the students to acquire a basic understanding of Peace and Conflict Studies and its scientific development as a discipline. In addition, students will gain insights into the key theories and concepts relating to historical and contemporary conflicts. Furthermore, students will obtain an understanding of the role of international law in international armed conflicts, how threats are represented, and organized violence is legitimated. Furthermore, students will obtain an understanding of how threats are represented and organized violence is legitimated.

Contents

The course consists of four modules:

1. The history of conflicts and the idea of peace (7.5 hp)

This module gives an overview of the history of wars and conflicts as well as the history of ideas related to peace. The module also covers the rise of the contemporary global world order and its consequences.

2. The foundation of Peace and Conflict Studies (7.5 hp)

This module gives an introduction to the concepts and theories within peace and conflict studies as well as to the development of the discipline. Different experiences of organized violence are addressed.

3. United Nations in Conflict Management (7.5 hp)

This module gives an overview of the different functions, mechanisms, and conditions of public international law during and after international armed conflicts. The module gives an introduction to the United Nations’ role and challenges as the upholder of international peace and security in the contemporary international system.

4. Enemy Images (7.5 hp)

This module concerns enemy images and how they can be used to justify war. In addition, the module addresses how they arise and are reproduced. Lastly, the module discusses their consequences and how they can be counteracted.

The course consists of four modules with the following learning outcomes:

1. The history of conflicts and the idea of peace (7.5 hp)
After completing the module the student will

1. have basic knowledge about the history of ideas on the idea of peace
2. have basic knowledge about the history of warfare
3. have basic knowledge about economic history and its impact on warfare
4. have the ability to read and assimilate academic texts

2. The foundation of Peace and Conflict Studies (7.5 hp)
After completing the module the student will

1. have basic knowledge about the development of peace and conflict studies as a discipline
2. have knowledge about different forms of direct and structural violence
3. be able to explain the basic concepts of peace and conflict studies and be able to apply them

3. United Nations in Conflict Management

After completing the module the student will

1. have basic knowledge about legal methods of peaceful settlements of international armed conflicts
2. have basic knowledge about the legal framework regulating international armed conflict and its aftermath
3. have knowledge about the United Nations and its role, functions and challenges as the upholder of international peace and security
4. be able to explain the relationship between state practice and public international law in contemporary international armed conflicts
5. be able to use basic academic formalities and academic language

4. Enemy Images (7.5 hp)

After completing the module the student will

1. be able to independently identify and analyze enemy image constructs in different contexts
2. have basic understanding of how enemy images and cultural violence can justify different forms of violence
3. have basic understanding of how media and other actors create and reproduce enemy images
4. have basic understanding of theories explaining the acceptance of enemy images as well as how enemy images can be counteracted
5. be able to use academic formalities and academic language

The course is designed for full-time study. The teaching in each module is mainly in the form of lectures and seminars. The majority of the student’s workload consists of independent study.

Students are responsible for keeping up the reading and for coming prepared to each class. Students are expected to take their own initiatives to form reading groups.

The course is based on the students’ active participation in discussions.

1. The history of conflicts and the idea of peace (7.5 hp)

The students’ performance in the module is assessed by means of a individual exam (7.5 hp).

2. The foundation of Peace and Conflict Studies (7.5 hp)

Learning outcome 1, 2, and 3 are assessed by means of a formal exam (6.5 hp). Learning outcome 3 is also assessed by means of a written and oral group presentation (1 hp, pass is the only grade given).

3. United Nations in Conflict Management (7.5 hp)

The students’ performance in the module is assessed by means of an individual take home exam (7.5 hp).

4. Enemy Images (7.5 hp)

Learning outcome 1, 2 and 5 are assessed by means of a take home exam (5 hp).

Learning outcome 3 and 4 are assessed by means of an oral exam (2.5 hp).

Module 1:

• Allen, Robert C. (2011). Global Economic History: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press.
• English, Richard (2013). Modern war: A very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Frowe, Helen (2016). The Ethics of War and Peace, An Introduction. London: Routledge.
• Kant, Emmanuel (1795). Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch.
• Kende, Istvan (1989).The History of Peace: Concepts and Organizations from the Late Middle Ages to the 1870s. Journal of Peace Research 26(3).
• Nye, Joseph S., Jr. and Welch, David A. 2014. Understanding Global Conflict and Cooperation: An Introduction to Theory and History, 10th Edition. Boston: Pearson.
• Roland, Alex (2016). War and technology, A very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Williams, Paul, D. (ed.) (2018). Security Studies: An Introduction. Abingdon: Routledge.

Additional book chapters and journal articles, maximum 200 pages.

Module 2:

• Demmers, Jolle, (2016). Theories of Violent Conflict: An Introduction. London, Routledge (e-book MAU Library)
• Galtung, Johan, (1969). Violence, Peace and Peace Research. Journal of Peace Research 21(3): 167-191.
• Galtung, Johan, (1971). A Structural Theory of Imperialism. Jorunal of Peace Research 8 (2): 81-117.
• Kaldor, Mary, (2012). New and Old Wars (third edition). Cambridge: Polity Press (selected part, e-book MAU Library)
• Kaldor, Mary, (2018). Global Security Cultures. Cambridge: Polity Press
• Newman, Edward & DeRouen, Karl, Jr. (2014). Routledge Handbook of Civil Wars. London: Routledge(selected parts)(e-book online MAU Library)
• Williams, Paul D. (ed.), (20239. Security Studies, An Introduction, 4th edition, Abingdon: Routledge (selected parts).

Additional book chapters and journal articles, maximum 200 pages.

Module 3:

• Chesterman, Simon, Franck, Thomas M., & Malone, David M., 2016, Law and Practice of the United Nations, Oxford University Press
• Frowe, Helen (2016). The Ethics of War and Peace, An Introduction. London: Routledge (selected parts)
• Henriksen, Anders, International Law, 2017, Oxford University Press
• Weiss, Thomas G., Forthsythe, David P., Coate, Roger A & Pease, Kelly-Kate, The United Nations and Changing World Politics, 2017, 8th edition, Westview Press.
• Williams, Paul D (ed.) (2013) (or later). Security Studies, An Introduction, Abingdon, Routledge (selected parts).

Legal instruments and documents, 200 pages.

Module 4:

• Balzacq, Thierry. 2011. A theory of securitization, Origins, core assumptions, and variants. Balzacq, Thierry (ed.),Securitization Theory; How Security Problems Emerge and Dissolve. London and New York: Routledge.
• Bandura, Albert. 2016. Moral Disengagement, How People Do Harm and Live With Them-selves. New York: Worth Publishers (selected parts).
• Dodge, Toby. 2012. Enemy Images, Coercive Socio-Engineering and Civil War in Iraq. International Peacekeeping, 19(4). (461-477)
• Fiske, Susan T., Cuddy, Amy J. C., Glick, Peter, Xu, Jun. 2002. A Model of (Often Mixed) Stereotype Content: Competence and Warmth Respectively Follow From Perceived Status and Competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6):878-902.
• Galtung, Johan (1990) Cultural Violence. Journal of Peace Research 27(3): 291–305.
• Harle, Vilho (2000)The Enemy with a Thousand Faces. Westport: Praeger (selected parts).
• Irwansyah, Irwansyah and Marcellino, Kevin (2021). Media Literacy and Social Inclusion. Journal Communication Spectrum: Capturing New Perspectives in Communication 11(2), 119-126. 10 https://doi.org/10.36782/jcs.v11i2.2171
• Mania, Eric W. et al. 2010. Intergroup Contact: Implications for Peace Education. Handbook of Peace Education. New York: Psychology Press.
• McDonald, Matt. 2018. Constructivism. Security Studies, An Introduction. London: Routledge
• Oppenheimer, Louis (2006). The Development of Enemy Images: A Theoretical Contribution. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 12(3) 269–292
• Pettigrew, Thomas F. (1998) Intergroup Contact Theory. Annual Review of Psychology 49:1: 65-85.
• Pettigrew, Thomas F. et al. (2011). “Recent advances in intergroup contact theory”. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 35 (2011) 271–280
• Ramasubramian, Srividya (2007). Media-Based Strategies to Reduce Racial Stereotypes Activated by News Stories. Journalism and Mass Communication Quaterly 84(2): 249-264.
• The SAGE Handbook of Prejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination (c2010). Ed. John Dovidio. London: SAGE. (selected parts)
• The SAGE Handbook of Propaganda (2019). Ed. Paul Baines, Nicholas O’Shaughnessy, and Nancy Snow (London: SAGE) (selected parts).
• Steiner, Kristian and Önnerfors, Andreas (2024). Enemy Images; Emergence, Consequences and Counteraction. Routledge
• Steuter, Erin; Wills, Deborah (2008)At War with Metaphor: Media, Propaganda, and Racism in the War on Terror, Lanham: Lexington Books. Available as e-book through the Malmö University library.
• Williams, Paul D. and McDonald, Matt (eds.) (2023). Security Studies: An Introduction, 4th edition, Abingdon:Routledge

Additional book chapters and journal articles, maximum 250 pages.

Malmö University provides students who participate in, or who have completed a course, with the opportunity to express their opinions and describe their experiences of the course by completing a course evaluation administered by the University. The University will compile and summarise the results of course evaluations. The University will also inform participants of the results and any decisions relating to measures taken in response to the course evaluations. The results will be made available to the students (HF 1:14).

If a course is no longer offered, or has undergone significant changes, the students must be offered two opportunities for re-examination based on the syllabus that applied at the time of registration, for a period of one year after the changes have been implemented.

The syllabus is a translation of a Swedish source text.

If a student has a Learning support decision, the examiner has the right to provide the student with an adapted test, or to allow the student to take the exam in a different format.